Lottery is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of lots for the distribution of goods, money or services. It is distinguished from other forms of gambling in that payment of a consideration, either a ticket or a sum of money, is required before the winnings can be claimed. The casting of lots for decisions and the allocation of fates has a long history in human society, but the lottery as a method for material gain is relatively new. It first appeared in Europe during the Roman Empire, when tickets were distributed at dinner parties as a form of entertainment; the prize was usually fancy items rather than cash.

In colonial America, lotteries were used to finance public and private projects. The lottery helped fund roads, canals, bridges, libraries, colleges and churches. Denmark Vesey, an enslaved person in Charleston, won a lottery and used the prize to buy his freedom. But by the 1800s, religious and moral sensibilities had begun to turn against gambling in general. Corruption also contributed to this trend, with lottery organizers often skimming the profits without awarding prizes.

The state lotteries that emerged in the US have exhibited remarkably similar characteristics. While the arguments for and against their adoption and the structure of the resulting state lotteries have varied, the overall pattern has been quite uniform. In addition, lottery critics have tended to focus on specific aspects of their operations, such as the problem of compulsive gamblers and the alleged regressive impact on low-income groups.